Associations of TBI, PTSD, and depression with dementia risk among female military veterans: Not just men

Abstract: Over the past decade, it has become increasingly recognized that military veterans are at higher risk than the general population for neuropsychiatric conditions such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression. More recent work has shown an ≈2-fold increased long-term risk of dementia among predominantly male military veterans with TBI, PTSD, or depression compared to veterans without any neuropsychiatric conditions. However, the association of neuropsychiatric conditions with dementia among female military veterans is an important gap in the literature. More women are joining the military, and there is increasing evidence of sex differences in dementia risk in the general population.