Using CT scans to determine the optimal sizes of hard armour plates to protect the torso for UK female Armed Forces personnel

Abstract: Hard armour plates provide coverage to essential anatomical structures in the torso that, if injured, would likely be responsible for death before damage control surgery can be undertaken. Existing front and rear OSPREY plates in conjunction with Mark 2 plates used at the sides in current UK Armed Forces personal armour systems are provided in a single size, used by both female and male users. CT scans of 45 female UK military personnel were analysed. Distances between anatomical structures representing threshold (absolute minimum) and objective (the maximum level of coverage beyond which there is 
limited further benefit) coverage of the torso were determined and compared with OSPREY and Mark 2 plate dimensions. Sample characteristics were compared with the 2006/2007 UK Armed Forces  Anthropometric Survey. No statistical difference was found between sample means for stature (p=0.131) and mass (p=0.853) from those of the anthropometric survey in this sample. The height of both the front OSPREY plates exceeded the threshold coverage (suprasternal notch to lower border of the 10th rib) for all women studied. The height of the Mark 2 plate exceeds the objective coverage from the side for all women studied. Based on a plate height providing threshold coverage of all women up to the 50th percentile, the height of the front and rear OSPREY plates could be reduced by 36mm and 31mm respectively. Based on a presumption that a side plate should cover up to the 95th percentile, the Mark 2 plate achieves theobjective height and width for the female population studied. Strong evidence was found to support the UK Ministry of Defence requirement for procurement of new front and rear plates of multiple heights for both female and male users.