Abstract:Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex and debilitating condition with high rates of treatment resistance among military and Veteran populations. Neurofeedback, a non-invasive technique that enables self-regulation of neural activity, is emerging as a promising intervention. Building on prior work, this editorial highlights recent advances in real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) neurofeedback. A single-session fMRI study comparing amygdala versus posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) targeting demonstrated that PCC regulation produced broader neural changes and greater reductions in trauma-related distress. Complementary findings from a 20-session randomized controlled trial of alpha-desynchronizing EEG neurofeedback showed significant decreases in PTSD symptom severity, with more than 60% of participants no longer meeting diagnostic criteria and no trial dropouts. These results suggest neurofeedback is both effective and tolerable, with potential to normalize disrupted brain networks and improve emotion regulation. Current efforts are focused on optimizing treatment dosage, integrating neurofeedback with psychotherapy, and expanding virtual delivery models. Together, this growing body of research underscores neurofeedback’s potential as a personalized treatment for PTSD and highlights the need to enhance access to innovative, evidence-based interventions for military members, Veterans, and their families.