Abstract: Over 20% of Army soldiers have a BMI over 30 kg/m², contributing to rising obesity-related healthcare costs, which the Department of Defense spends about $1.5 billion annually to address. Anti-obesity medications (AOMs), authorized for active-duty personnel since 2018, show promise for managing obesity within the military, but only 0.1% of service members use them, despite a 100-fold rise in prescriptions. Barriers include administrative policies and limited access to advanced AOMs like semaglutide. Further research is needed to evaluate AOMs' impacts on body composition, military readiness, and health costs to optimize obesity interventions within military populations.