Updated nonresponse adjustment for the Department of Veterans Affairs bereaved family survey performance measure

Abstract: Declining response rates pose a threat to the validity of large surveys designed to measure quality of care. For over a decade, the Department of Veterans Affairs has evaluated the quality of end-of-life care delivered to Veterans using the Bereaved Family Survey (BFS). The BFS Performance Measure (BFS-PM), derived from the BFS, is a widely used metric across the VA healthcare system that informs facility benchmarking and quality improvement efforts. The objective of this analysis was to develop and test an updated nonresponse adjustment model for the BFS-PM. This cross-sectional analysis used BFS data linked with socio-demographic and clinical data available in VA's Corporate Data Warehouse for October 1, 2021-September 30, 2022. A direct inverse propensity weighting approach was applied to adjust for BFS nonresponse. Facility-level differences in BFS-PM scores were calculated before and after weighting to describe the effects of nonresponse adjustment. The analytic sample consisted of 14,510 Veteran decedents whose family member was eligible to receive a BFS, including 8,698 (59.9%) respondents and 5,812 (40.1%) nonrespondents. Across the 145 VA Medical Centers represented in the sample, the mean facility-level response rate was 40.1%. The mean change in the facility-level BFS-PM score from pre- to postweighting for nonresponse was 1.2% (standard deviation = 3.4%) and ranged from -11.2% to 11.9%. Adjustment for nonresponse bias in the calculation of facility-level BFS-PM scores continues to be an important and appropriate practice in the evaluation of quality of end-of-life care in VA inpatient facilities.

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