Abstract:This exploratory qualitative study examines the factors contributing to the underemployment of veterans in the civilian workforce. It is grounded in Person-Job Fit and Human Capital Theory, analyzing (1) how employment factors influence veteran underemployment, (2) how private sector organizations integrate veterans into the workforce, and (3) how veterans describe their experiences with underemployment. The study focuses on veterans who left military service within the last ten years and utilizes purposeful sampling. Conducted in the United States, the research involved interviewing participants about their experiences of transition. It is framed within conflict theory, based on Karl Marx’s principles, which explore power dynamics and social class struggles affecting economic opportunities. The methodology employs a qualitative design, using semi-structured interviews as the primary data collection method. Data was collected directly from participant responses and analyzed through thematic coding. Key findings suggest that the transition experience has a significant impact on employment struggles. Seven out of eight participants reported difficulties reintegrating into civilian life. Additionally, employment and career trajectories emerged as significant barriers; federal hiring freezes limit access to stable jobs, underscoring the need for enhanced support programs. The theme of support programs and resources revealed that four participants relied on the Soldier for Life – Transition Assistance Program for career guidance. The study concludes that both systemic employment barriers and personal reintegration challenges contribute to veteran underemployment. Addressing these issues necessitates customized transition support and a more significant organizational commitment to integrating veterans into meaningful civilian roles.